Experts are demanding strong action against soot and illegal refineries in Nigeria. The Nigerian Thoracic Society and respiratory experts have called on the government to show strong political will in dealing with the causes of soot, especially in Rivers State. Soot is causing significant damage to the respiratory health of the residents. The experts emphasize the need to address the major sources of soot in the region, particularly the activities of illegal refineries. Soot is a black carbonaceous substance that is produced during incomplete combustion of coal, wood, and oil. It rises in fine particles that can cause lung diseases and infections. Professor Udegbunam Ele, the President of the Nigerian Thoracic Society, describes soot in the Niger Delta as a hydra-headed monster that requires the government’s political will to be eradicated. He highlights the activities of illegal refineries as the major source of soot in the region. While acknowledging the efforts of the former Governor of Rivers State, Nyesom Wike, in addressing the issue, Professor Ele emphasizes the need for continued action from the current government. Dr. Obiona Adeyemi, a Consultant Pulmonologist, stresses the importance of a strong will from the government to tackle the soot crisis. He urges the new government to build upon the previous administration’s efforts to save the lives of Nigerians affected by the soot. Dr. Adeyemi emphasizes the long-term negative impact of soot on the lungs and respiratory airways, including the risk of lung infections and cancers. He suggests that creating job opportunities for the unemployed youth in the region can discourage illegal refineries and bunkering. While acknowledging that some individuals may still engage in criminal activities, Dr. Adeyemi believes that providing alternative employment options can significantly reduce the problem. He calls on the government to take decisive action against illegal refineries and mining activities in the Niger Delta to save lives. Additionally, Dr. Adeyemi highlights the adverse effects of soot on visibility, leading to road traffic accidents and deaths. The Nigerian Thoracic Society recommends the cessation of gas flaring in Port Harcourt and other areas in Nigeria where it occurs. They also urge the government to address other sources of air pollution, such as reducing traffic congestion and promoting the use of cleaner cooking fuel. The society recognizes poverty and unemployment as contributing factors to illegal crude refining and suggests improving youth employment in affected areas as a solution.