Turf Wars: The Battle for Sand
The battle for control of sand resources has escalated into violent confrontations between two mafia groups in northeast India. In a recent clash, gunfire was exchanged and a number of earthmover machines were set ablaze as the rival factions vied for control over this valuable natural resource. It is not diamonds or oil that they are fighting over, but rather the increasingly precious commodity of sand.
Referred to as “the new gold,” sand is the second most exploited natural resource in the world after fresh water. The global demand for sand, which totals about 50 billion tons annually, exceeds the amount naturally created each year. As a result, experts warn that if current consumption rates continue, the world will deplete its sand reserves by 2050.
The significance of sand in modern civilization cannot be overstated. It is a key component in the construction of essential infrastructure such as cement, concrete, roads, and glass. Furthermore, it is a crucial ingredient in the production of silicon chips used in electronic devices like laptops and phones. Vince Beiser, author of “The World in a Grain: The Story of Sand and How It Transformed Civilization,” points out that “Without sand, there’s no modern civilization.” Our cities, buildings, and technology are all reliant on this invaluable resource.
The scarcity of sand, combined with lax regulations, has made it a prime target for criminal organizations around the world. Countries such as Cambodia, Kenya, Nigeria, and India have seen a surge in illegal sand mining operations, often controlled by ruthless mafias. The absence of effective governmental oversight has compounded this issue, contributing to the violent conflicts and environmental damage associated with illegal sand extraction.
The environmental impact of sand mining is extensive, particularly in riverbeds where sand is commonly sourced. Ecosystems are disrupted, habitats are destroyed, and river pollution threatens local infrastructure and wildlife. The damage to riverbeds also poses a significant risk to the local communities that rely on these natural resources for their livelihoods and sustenance.
The social repercussions of this ongoing battle for sand are profound. Villages have been abandoned, individuals have been threatened and abused, and countless lives have been lost in violent confrontations related to sand mining. Moreover, the laborers who toil in hazardous conditions to extract sand face numerous risks, including the constant danger of drowning.
Despite its critical role in shaping modern society, the widespread use of sand and the destructive consequences of its extraction are often overlooked. More awareness and responsible corporate practices are needed to address the detrimental impacts of the global sand crisis.
This adaptational blog post was inspired by an article originally published on Nautilus, a renowned science and culture magazine. For more thought-provoking content, be sure to sign up for the Nautilus newsletter.
