Nigeria’s Struggle with Illegal Mining: Addressing Banditry and Regulation in the Mining Sector
In Nigeria, the issue of illegal mining has given rise to a surge in banditry, posing a significant threat to local communities and prompting the government to consider urgent measures. As of February 14, 2024, the possibility of establishing a Mine Police Force to restore order in the mining sector and put an end to criminal activities is under consideration.
The link between illegal mining and banditry in Nigeria is unmistakable. In numerous areas of the country, bandits exploit mining communities and use the proceeds from illegal mining to finance their criminal endeavours. The absence of regulation at the state and local government levels has fostered an environment conducive to the flourishing of these criminal elements.
Acknowledging this issue, the Minister of Mines and Steel Development, Olamilekan Adegbite, has remarked, “The absence of regulation in the mining sector has led to a rise in illegal mining activities, which in turn has fuelled banditry in some regions.”
Nigeria’s mining sector has witnessed significant regulatory changes between June and September 2023, with the federal government taking the bold step of prohibiting mining operations in five states to combat illegal mining and address security concerns, highlighting its commitment to directly addressing the issue. The government has also articulated its stance on the authority of state governments to regulate mining activities, underscoring the need for a unified regulatory framework to ensure national security, environmental protection, and economic development.
In order to address the scourge of illegal mining and associated banditry, the Minister has suggested the establishment of a specialized mine police force and surveillance task force. However, there have been suggestions that technology could offer a more efficient solution to overcome logistical challenges. Notwithstanding the Ministry’s well-defined plans, it faces challenges such as understaffing, inadequate funding, and a shortage of expertise. Artisanal and small-scale mining operators, with a significant proportion being women and children, account for the majority of mining activities.
While the mining sector’s contribution to the nation’s GDP is modest, it is regarded as a crucial element in implementing the Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) and the Medium-Term National Development Plan. The sector holds significant potential for growth.
As Nigeria grapples with the problems of illegal mining and banditry, the proposed establishment of a Mine Police Force represents a significant stride towards a more secure and regulated mining sector. Nonetheless, technology, funding, and expertise remain indispensable in the pursuit of a secure and prosperous future.
Ultimately, this issue extends beyond mere regulation of the mines; it is about safeguarding communities, conserving the environment, and unlocking the true potential of Nigeria’s mineral wealth.
