An Urgent Call for Restructuring: An Open Letter to President Tinubu
Dear President Tinubu,
It is pertinent for the Nigerian Constitution to draw inspiration from the American model. The federal government in America has demonstrated that people of diverse origins, religions, customs, and cultures can coexist under a single constitutional framework.
The federation in America was formed as existing states voluntarily conceded some of their powers for the greater good of the union. An essential characteristic of this federation is that the union only exercises power over matters explicitly granted to it by the states. The extensive debates that took place between 1776 and September 17, 1787, before the constitution was finalized and signed underscore the significance of this pivotal process.
Nigeria, on the other hand, followed a different trajectory. Having originally been home to over 400 nationalities, the region now known as Nigeria was arbitrarily named by the British. It has been governed in various forms, from two separate countries to a unitary government, three powerful regions and a weak central government, and later as unviable states under military rule. It is unsurprising that Nigeria’s political development still demands attention, as it takes more than a century for a state to fully evolve into a nation.
Europe, within 105 years, underwent several major nationality revolutions, while Africa has not experienced such significant changes since the Treaty of Berlin in 1884. This historical context underscores the necessity of recognizing Nigeria’s diverse nationalities and the need for a more comprehensive approach to nation-building.
The 1963 constitution, which allowed for regional autonomy, played a crucial role in Nigeria’s economic growth. However, with the rise of military rule, the federal structure was dismantled, and the military imposed a unitary system, disrupting the revenue allocation system. This decision altered the dynamic between the federal government and the states, leading to a concentration of resources at the federal level.
The question still remains: should we revert to the 1963 formula, where the regions would retain approximately fifty percent of the nation’s wealth, or should we adapt to the current reality and distribute resources more equitably among the states? Empowering communities to exercise ownership of their land and reviewing the Land Use Act, as well as involving communities in mining and exploration activities, will foster a fairer distribution of resources.
Furthermore, the fiscal repression introduced by General Abacha in 1994 must be addressed. The lopsided sharing of VAT revenue, favouring the federal government over the state governments, needs to be rectified. The consequential impact of these decisions has imposed financial strain on state governments, impacting their ability to serve their respective communities effectively.
During the constitution amendment debate in President Obasanjo’s regime, an opportunity to refine the constitution was squandered due to legislators’ narrow focus on a single issue—the tenure of office. The broader issues of fiscal federalism and devolution of power were overshadowed by political manoeuvring, signifying a missed chance to enact substantial and transformative change.
As we journey forward, we must endeavor for frank and open dialogue, acknowledging the diversity of perspectives and experiences that exist within our nation. The fiscal balance, as well as the fair distribution and utilization of resources, must be addressed to ensure the well-being and progress of all states and regions.
In conclusion, the reluctance to consider discussions about restructuring poses the greatest threat to Nigeria’s unity. As leaders, it is imperative that we adhere to the fundamental truth—that renewal and progress stem from recognition of the present reality and adherence to the universal principle of fairness. With wisdom and resolve, we can work towards building a more inclusive, balanced, and prosperous nation.
Yours sincerely,
Aduwo
Permanent Representative of CCDI to ECOSOC/United Nations and President of the Centre for Convention on Democratic Integrity (CCDI)
